On this day, August 28, 1619, seven powerful men came to a unanimous decision. Both Hungary and Bohemia were elective monarchies, where the parliaments had the sovereign right to decide about the person of the king. Juli 1578 in Graz; † 15. In 1619, however, the largely Protestant diet of Bohemia deposed him, electing Frederick V, elector of the Palatinate, as their king. During the first decade of the Thirty Years’ War, Ferdinand strengthened his position by transferring the Palatinate’s electoral office to Maximilian of Bavaria. His devout Catholicism and negative regard of Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic subjects, especially in Bohemia. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). Ferdinand III (Ferdinand Ernest; 13 July 1608 in Graz – 2 April 1657 in Vienna) was from 1621 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary from 1625, King of Croatia and Bohemia from 1627 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 until his death in 1657. He was the son of Charles II, the archduke of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). What's new. The Second Defenestration of Prague of 22 May 1618 is considered the first step of the Thirty Years' War. Ferdinand’s Roman Catholic contemporaries considered him a saintlike monarch; his Protestant opponents feared him as a tyrant. Married her first cousin Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor. He served as titular head of the Imperial Army during the Thirty Years' War from 1634 until its final phases. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. This was, in effect, the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War. In 1600, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616), daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria. Ferdinand II (1578-1637) was Holy Roman emperor from 1619 to 1637. Son: 21 April 1539 Stillborn. ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806 and, as Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. Modern historians tend to view Ferdinand’s religious policy as determined by his time, to acknowledge his importance in molding Austria’s provinces into an integral whole, and to see in his imperial policy an attempt at creating a Roman Catholic German state, however inconsistently carried out. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor was born 9 July 1578 in Graz, Austria to Karl II. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Soon, some of Ferdinand's allies began to complain about the excessive power exercised by Wallenstein, as well as the ruthless methods he used to finance his vast army. Beschlüsse der obersächsischen Kreisversammlung zu Leipzig am 30.1.1620 darunter ein Schutzbündnis wegen des "von Tag zu Tag zunemenden Unwesens im Iönigreich Böheim" : im übrigen werde man sich in der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Kaiser und Kurfürst Friedrich V, neutral verhalten, 1620 Jan. 30. Ferdinand II, who had been married to his second wife, Eleonora Gonzaga of Mantua, since 1622, died in Vienna in 1637. In the same year, Ferdinand was recognized by the Bohemian Diet as king of Bohemia and in 1618 was elected king of Hungary. In addition, with the help of Spain and the league of Catholic princes of Germany, and through the victories of his generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein, he gained important successes over his German opponents and the king of Denmark. Although he kept a frugal court, he was a bad financier who too generously gave away the greatest part of confiscated estates to his faithful followers. Ferdinand was born in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, the second son of Queen Joanna I of Castile from the House of Trastámara (herself the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon) and Habsburg Archduke Philip the Handsome, who was heir to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Empe… Upon the death of his father on February 15, 1637, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III.. In return he promised in a secret treaty (1617) to cede to them Alsace and the imperial fiefs in Italy. The victorious advance of the Swedish army, however, made the emperor recall Wallenstein. King of Croatia, Dalmatia, Slavonia, and formally king of Serbia, Galicia (in Eastern Europe) and Lodomeria, etc. On 1 August 1034, Conrad II officially incorporated the Kingdom of Burgundy into the Holy Roman Empire at a ceremony held in the Cathedral of Geneva. Ferdinand III (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 – 1657. etc. He married Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503-1547) 27 May 1521 JL in Linz, Austria. Former Director, Upper Austrian Provincial Archives, Linz. Born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria, and was baptised as Ferdinand Ernst. He was also King of Hungary (1625), King of Bohemia (1627), Archduke of Austria (1621), and King of the Romans (Germany) (1636). His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War.Ferdinand's aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the Empire and suppress Protestantism. Ferdinand III, (born July 13, 1608, Graz, Inner Austria—died April 2, 1657, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor who headed the so-called peace party at the Habsburg imperial court during the Thirty Years’ War and ended that war in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia.. He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French.Soon after Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine, Francis abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor. He was also King of Hungary (1625), King of Bohemia (1627), Archduke of Austria (1621), and King of the Romans (Germany) (1636). After completing his studies in 1595, he acceded to his hereditary lands (where his older cousin, Archduke Maximilian III of Austria, had acted as regent between 1593 and 1595) and made a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome. (* 9. Despite Wallenstein's fall, the imperial forces recaptured Regensburg and were victorious in the Battle of Nördlingen (1634). Ferdinand’s Edict of Restitution (1629), which forced Protestants to return to the Roman Catholic church all property seized since 1552, revealed to the German princes the threat of imperial absolutism. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. About Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ausztria császára, Magyarország királya (1618-1637), Csehország (1617-1637) királya, német-római császár (1619-1637), Neveltetését nagyban meghatározta a katolikus hagyományok átvétele és a szigorú udvari protokoll kellő elsajátítása. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1578-1637. In 1600 he married Maria Anna of Bavaria, who bore him four children. Ferdinand III (1608-1657) reigned as Holy Roman emperor from 1637 to 1657. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1578-1637. …ruler of Inner Austria, Archduke Ferdinand, began a campaign of forcible re-Catholicization among his subjects, which proved entirely successful. Ferdinand's aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the Empire and suppress Protestantism. Wallenstein was able to recruit some 30,000 men (later expanded up to 100,000), with whom he was able to defeat the Protestants in Silesia, Anhalt and Denmark. ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806 and, as Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. Yet by maintaining the country’s historical provinces and estates, after their subjugation, he preserved the principle of federalism in Austria. Though elected Holy Roman emperor on August 28, 1619, Ferdinand was able to maintain himself only with support from Spain, Poland, and various German princes. Aided by Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria, his troops annihilated the rebel army on the White Mountain, near Prague, on November 8, 1620. Tysk-romerske rige 1619-1637 (da); Ferdinand II. A good-natured, benevolent, affable monarch, he was imbued with the belief in the splendour of the imperial crown and the greatness of his dynasty. Francis was a son of Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain (1745–1792), daughter of Charles III of Spain. He avoided committing himself in a quarrel between his cousins, the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II and his brother Matthias, who eventually succeeded Rudolf as emperor. Ferdinand III (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 – 1657. King of Croatia, Dalmatia, Slavonia, and formally king of Serbia, Galicia (in Eastern Europe) and Lodomeria, etc. He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years’ War. Wallenstein was recalled, being able to muster an army in only a week, and expelled the Swedes from Bohemia. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Menu. Some historians directly blame Ferdinand for the large civilian loss of life in the Sack of Magdeburg in 1631: he had instructed Tilly to enforce the edict of Restitution upon the Electorate of Saxony, his orders causing the Belgian general to move the Catholic armies east, ultimately to Leipzig, where they suffered their first substantial defeat at the hands of the Adolphus' Swedes in the First Battle of Breitenfeld (1631). In 1617, he was elected King of Bohemia by the Bohemian diet, in 1618, King of Hungary by the Hungarian estates, and in 1619, Holy Roman Emperor. In the wake of these Catholic military successes, in 1629 Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution, by which all the lands stripped from Catholics after the Peace of Passau of 1552 would be returned. He married Eleonore Gonzaga (1598-1655) 1622 . Therefore, after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, King of Bohemia and of Hungary, at the battle of Mohácson 29 August 1526, Ferdinand immediately applied to the parliaments of Hungary and Bohe… https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-II-Holy-Roman-emperor, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Ferdinand II. Until then the war largely had been confined to Germany, but Swedish and, later on, French intervention turned it into a European conflict. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II - 1619-1637. Upon the death of his father on February 15, 1637, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III.. After his victory over the Swedes (September 1634) at Nördlingen, Ferdinand reached a compromise with the Protestant princes in the Peace of Prague (1635) and, in 1636, succeeded in having his son Ferdinand elected king of the Romans (successor-designate to the emperor). She served as regent of Spain in the absence of her father Emperor Charles V from 1548 until 1551, and in the absence of her brother Philip II… Membership: Holy Roman Empire Association, Charter of the Holy Roman Empire Association, Heraldic Council of the Holy Roman Empire, Court of Nobility of the Holy Roman Empire, Council of the Holy Roman Empire Association, Free Imperial Cities of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial immediacy of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial Household of the Holy Roman Emperor, Powers and Titles of the Holy Roman Emperor, Order of the Ancient Nobility of the Four Emperors, Order of the Defeated Dragon - Ordo Draconum, Association of the Counts Arundell of Wardour, Jesus Christ - Jesus of Nazareth - Son of God, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV of Luxemburg, Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Wittelsbach, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII of Luxemburg, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (Father) Maria-Anna of Bavaria (Mother) Ferdinand was finally elected King of the Romans at the Diet of Regensburg on December 22, 1636. Ferdinand succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor in 1619. Letter signed : Vienna, to an unnamed person (perhaps the Grandduchess) at the court of Tuscany, 1631 Dec. 3. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He confiscated the estates of the rebel magnates, reduced the Diet to impotence by a new constituent ordinance (1627), and forcibly catholicized Bohemia. In the prime of his life Ferdinand was described as a blue-eyed, somewhat corpulent, middle-sized man who wore Spanish court dress. A person of moderate talents and willpower, he nevertheless exerted a strong influence on the events of his time by his strict and uncompromising religious policy. Updates? They had seven children: Archduchess Christine (25 May 1601 – 12/21 June 1601)Archduke Charles (25 May 1603)Archduke John-Charles (1 November 1605 – 26 December 1619)Ferdinand III (13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) married:1631 Infanta Maria Anna of Spain1648 Maria Leopoldine of Austria1651 Eleanor Gonzaga (1630–1686)Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (13 January 1610 – 25 September 1665)Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (16 July 1611 – 24 March 1644), who married her cousin W?adys?aw IV Vasa, King of Poland.Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1614–1662). A period of minor operations followed, perhaps because of Wallenstein's ambiguous conduct, which ended with his assassination in 1634. Francis II (German: Franz II. Son: 29 June 1534 Stillborn Joanna: 26 June 1535 – 7 September 1573 Married her first cousin João Manuel, Prince of Portugal. Family tradition dictated his Jesuit upbringing. The leadership of the war thenceforth passed to Tilly, who was however unable to stop the Swedish march from northern Germany towards Austria. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]—died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617–19, 1620–27), and king of Hungary (1618–25). Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (Father) Maria-Anna of Bavaria (Mother) Ferdinand was finally elected King of the Romans at the Diet of Regensburg on December 22, 1636. By creating an independent Austrian court chancellery and by establishing in his will the principles of Austria’s indivisibility and of primogeniture in his family, he made an essential contribution to the country’s national integration. Roman Catholicism Ferdinand II (9 Julie 1578 – 15 Februar 1637), a member o the Hoose o Habsburg , wis Haly Roman Emperor (1619–1637), Keeng o Bohemie (1617–1619, 1620–1637), an Keeng o … On this day, August 28, 1619, seven powerful men came to a unanimous decision. Home. After Frederick's flight to the Netherlands, Ferdinand ordered a massive effort to bring about re-conversion to Catholicism in Bohemia and Austria, causing Protestantism there to nearly disappear in the following decades, and reduced the Diet's power. Joseph II on his way to Frankfurt for his coronation as Holy Roman Emperor The death of Maria Theresa on 29 November 1780 left Joseph free to pursue his own policy, and he immediately directed his government on a new course, attempting to realize his ideal of enlightened despotism acting on a definite system for the good of all. Heiliges Römisches Reich, Emperor of Germany Ferdinand II, emperador romanogermànic Ferran II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, emperador romanogermanic Ferran II (en); Ferdinand 2. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor was born 10 March 1503 in Alcalá de Henares, Spain to Philip I of Castile (1478-1506) and Joanna of Castile (1479-1555) and died 25 July 1564 inVienna, Austria of unspecified causes. He was educated by the Jesuits and later attended the University of Ingolstadt. His military success caused the tottering Protestants to call in Gustavus II Adolphus, King of Sweden. His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. The person Ferdinand, II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1578-1637 represents an individual (alive, dead, undead, or fictional) associated with resources found in Missouri University of Science & Technology Library. However, in November 1632 the Catholics were defeated in the Battle of Lützen (1632), where Gustavus Adolphus was himself killed. Ferdinand was born in Graz to the Habsburg archduke Charles of Inner Austria (and was thus the grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I ) and the Wittelsbach duchess Maria of Bavaria . Holy Roman Emperor 1558. Though he had a happy childhood surrounded by his many siblings, his family knew Francis was likely to be a future Emperor (his uncle Joseph had no surviving issue from either of his two marriages), and so in 1784 the young Archduke was sent to the Imperial Co… From 1590 to 1595 he was educated at the University of Ingolstadt by Jesuits whose aim was to make him a strict, rigidly Catholic ruler. His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. Jun 7, 2017 - Explore Greg Bee's board "Ferdinand I, HRE" on Pinterest. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). Author of. Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608).He was a member of the House of Habsburg. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). Ferdinand III (13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. By promoting the Counter-Reformation, Ferdinand II set the course of Austrian Habsburg policy for the next century. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. But, when Rudolf II launched the same policy in Hungary shortly afterward, there was a revolt, and the rebels offered the Hungarian crown to Matthias in return for guarantees of toleration.…. Habsburský (cs); Ferdinand der Andere, Ferdinand … Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (Father) Maria-Anna of Bavaria (Mother) Ferdinand was finally elected King of the Romans at the Diet of Regensburg on December 22, 1636. The northern Protestant states, angered by the violation of their rights to choose granted in the Peace of Augsburg, banded together to form the Protestant Union. Archduke of Austria1521. Ferdinand replied by firing the Bohemian general in 1630. Ferdinand III (13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (Father) Maria-Anna of Bavaria (Mother) Ferdinand was finally elected King of the Romans at the Diet of Regensburg on December 22, 1636. Francis II (German: Franz II. By the late 1400s, the empire cover… Maximilian Ii (holy Roman Empire), Maximilian II (1527-1576) was Holy Roman emperor from 1564 to 1576. Corrections? In order to muster an imperial army to continue the war, he applied to Albrecht von Wallenstein, one of the richest men in Bohemia: the latter accepted on condition that he could keep total control over the direction of the war, as well as over the booties taken during the operations. Unusually for his time, he opposed capital punishment and abolished it in Tuscany in 1786 during his rule there, making it the first nation in modern history to do so. Given the relatively great number of Protestants in the kingdom, including some of the nobles, the king's unpopularity soon caused the Bohemian Revolt. Leopold I (full name: Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician; Hungarian: I. Lipót; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. Though Ferdinand II was made the Holy Roman Emperor on August 28, 1619, he only received support from Poland, Spain, and a few German princes. In 1622, he married Eleonore of Mantua (Gonzaga) (1598–1655), the daughter of Duke Vincenzo I of Mantua and Eleonora de' Medici, at Innsbruck. Ferdinand was born in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, the second son of Queen Joanna I of Castile from the House of... Hungary and the Ottomans. Ferdinand: 22 November 1529 – 13 July 1530 Died in infancy. Tilly died in battle in 1632. The Swedish army was substantially weakened, and the fear that the Habsburg's power would become overwhelming caused France, led by Louis XIII of France and Cardinal Richelieu, to enter the war on the Protestant side. Februar 1637 in Wien) war von 1619 bis 1637 Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. Prior to ascending to the throne, he was the ruler of the Austrian lands of the Habsburgs, in the name of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who was his elder brother. He served as titular head of the Imperial Army during the Thirty Years' War from 1634 until its final phases. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of the archduke Charles, the ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola), and Maria, a daughter of Albrecht V, duke of Bavaria. In 1596 he took over his hereditary lands and, after a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome, set about suppressing Protestantism by forcing the great majority of his subjects to adopt the Roman Catholic faith. Besides German he spoke Italian, French, and Spanish, was fond of music, and liked reading religious books, but his passion was hunting. With the Oñate treaty, Ferdinand obtained the support of the Spanish Habsburgs in the succession of his childless cousin Matthias, in exchange for concessions in Alsace and Italy. In 1625, despite the subsidies received from Spain and the Pope, Ferdinand was in a bad financial situation. Although Protestant, he was not successful in uniting Protestants in the empire.… Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806 and, as Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. See more ideas about ferdinand, holy roman empire, roman emperor. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]—died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617–19, 1620–27), and king of Hungary (1618–25). FERDINAND II (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE) (1578 – 1637; Holy Roman Emperor 1619 – 1637; king of Bohemia 1617 – 1619 and 1620 – 1627; king of Hungary 1618 – 1625). Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564. John: 19 October 1537 – 20 March 1538 Died in infancy. Forums List. Henry III (28 October 1016 – 5 October 1056), called the Black or the Pious, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1046 until his death in 1056. Marriage, Parenting, Family & Relationship Science & Technology Pregnancy & Fertility Education & Career Beauty & Fashion Health & Fitness Spirituality & Cooking Entertainment & Hobbies. Ferdinand II was a member of the House of Habsburg and served as the Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), the king of Bohemia (1617–1619 and 1620–1637), and the king of Hungary (1618–1637).